Manual page for TIP(1C)
tip - connect to remote system
SYNOPSIS
tip
[
-v
]
[
-speed-entry
]
hostname
|
phone-number
DESCRIPTION
tip
establishes a full-duplex terminal connection to a remote host.
Once the connection is established, a remote session using
tip
behaves like an interactive session on a local terminal.
The
remote
file (described in the
remote.5
manual page)
contains entries describing remote systems and line speeds used by
tip.
Each host has a default baud rate for the connection, or you can
specify a speed with the
-speed-entry
command line argument.
When
phone-number
is specified,
tip
looks for an entry in the
remote
file of the form:
tip -speed-entry
When it finds such an entry, it sets the connection speed
accordingly. If it finds no such entry,
tip
interprets
-speed-entry
as if it were a system name, resulting in an error message.
If you omit
-speed-entry,
tip
uses the
tip0
entry to set a speed for the connection.
When establishing the connection
tip
sends a connection message to the remote system. The default value for
this message can be found in the
remote
file.
When
tip
attempts to connect to a remote system, it opens the
associated device with an exclusive-open
ioctl.2
call. Thus only one user at a time may access a device.
This is to prevent multiple
processes from sampling the terminal line. In addition,
tip
honors the locking protocol used by
uucp.1c
When
tip
starts up it reads commands from the file
.tiprc
in your home directory.
OPTIONS
- -v
-
Display commands from the
.tiprc
file as they are executed.
USAGE
Typed characters are normally transmitted directly to the remote
machine (which does the echoing as well).
At any time that
tip
prompts for an argument (for example, during setup of
a file transfer) the line typed may be edited with the standard
erase and kill characters. A null line in response to a prompt,
or an interrupt, aborts the dialogue and returns you to the remote machine.
Commands
A tilde (~) appearing as the first character of a line is an escape
signal which directs
tip
to perform some special action.
tip
recognizes the following escape sequences:
- ~^D
-
- ~.
-
Drop the connection and exit (you may still be logged in on the remote
machine).
- ~c
[name]
-
Change directory to
name
(no argument implies change to your home directory).
- ~!
-
Escape to an interactive shell on the local machine (exiting the shell returns
you to
tip).
- ~>
-
Copy file from local to remote.
- ~<
-
Copy file from remote to local.
- ~p from
[ to ]
-
Send a file to a remote host running the
UNIX
system. When you use the put command, the remote
system runs the command string
-
cat > to
while
tip
sends it the
from
file. If the
to
file is not specified, the
from
file name is used. This command is actually a
UNIX-system-specific
version of the
`~>'
command.
- ~t from
[ to ]
-
Take a file from a remote host running the
UNIX
system. As in the put command the
to
file defaults to the
from
file name if it is not specified.
The remote host executes the command string
-
cat from; echo ^A
to send the file to
tip.
- ~|
-
Pipe the output from a remote command to a local process.
The command string sent to the local
system is processed by the shell.
- ~C
-
Connect a program to the remote machine.
The command string sent to
the program is processed by the shell. The program inherits file
descriptors 0 as remote line input, 1 as remote line output, and 2 as
tty standard error.
- ~$
-
Pipe the output from a local process to the remote host.
The command string sent to the local system is processed by the shell.
- ~#
-
Send a
BREAK
to the remote system.
- ~s
-
Set a variable (see the discussion below).
- ~^Z
-
Stop
tip
(only available when run under a shell that supports job control,
such as the C shell).
- ~^Y
-
Stop only the ``local side'' of
tip
(only available when run under a shell that supports job control,
such as the C shell);
the ``remote side'' of
tip,
the side that displays output from the remote host, is left running.
- ~?
-
Get a summary of the tilde escapes.
Copying files requires some cooperation on the part of the remote host.
When a
~>
or
~<
escape is used to send a file,
tip
prompts for a file name (to be transmitted or received) and a command
to be sent to the remote system, in case the file is being transferred
from the remote system. The default end of transmission string for
transferring a file from the local system to the remote is specified as the
oe
capability in the
remote.5
file, but may be changed by the set command. While
tip
is transferring a file the number of lines transferred will be continuously
displayed on the screen. A file transfer may be aborted with an interrupt.
AUTO-CALL UNITS
tip
may be used to dial up remote systems using a number of auto-call unit's
(ACU's).
When the remote system description contains the
du
capability,
tip
uses the call-unit
(cu),
ACU
type
(at),
and phone numbers
(pn)
supplied. Normally
tip
displays verbose messages as it dials. See
remote.5
for details of the remote host specification.
Depending on the type of auto-dialer being used to establish a connection
the remote host may have garbage characters sent to it upon connection.
The user should never assume that the first characters typed to
the foreign host are the first ones presented to it. The recommended
practice is to immediately type a
kill
character upon establishing a connection (most
UNIX
systems either support
@
or
CTRL-U
as the initial kill character).
tip
currently supports the Ventel
MD-212+
modem and
DC
Hayes-compatible modems.
REMOTE HOST DESCRIPTIONS
Descriptions of remote hosts are normally located in the system-wide file
/etc/remote.
However, a user may maintain personal description files (and phone numbers)
by defining and exporting the
REMOTE
shell variable. The
remote
file must be readable by
tip,
but a secondary file describing phone numbers may be maintained readable only
by the user. This secondary phone number file is
/etc/phones,
unless the shell variable
PHONES
is defined and exported. As described in
remote.5
the
phones
file is read when the host description's phone number(s) capability is
an
`@'.
The phone number file contains lines of the form:
system-name phone-number
Each phone number found for a system is tried until either a connection
is established, or an end of file is reached. Phone numbers are
constructed from
`0123456789-=*',
where the
`='
and
`*'
are used to indicate a second dial tone should be waited for
(ACU dependent).
TIP INTERNAL VARIABLES
tip
maintains a set of variables which are used in normal operation.
Some of these variables are read-only to normal users (root is allowed
to change anything of interest). Variables may be displayed
and set through the
~s
escape. The syntax for variables is patterned after
vi.1
and
mail.1
Supplying
all
as an argument to the
~s
escape displays all variables
that the user can read. Alternatively, the user may request display of a
particular variable by attaching a
?
to the end. For example
`~s escape?'
displays the current escape character.
Variables are numeric, string, character, or Boolean values. Boolean
variables are set merely by specifying their name. They may be reset
by prepending a
!
to the name. Other variable types are set by appending an
=
and the value.
The entire assignment must not have any blanks in it.
A single set command may be used to interrogate as
well as set a number of variables.
Variables may be initialized at run time by placing set commands (without
the
~s
prefix) in a
.tiprc
file in one's home directory. The
-v
option makes
tip
display the sets as they are made.
Comments preceded by a
#
sign can appear in the
.tiprc
file.
Finally, the variable names must either be completely specified or
an abbreviation may be given. The following list details those
variables known to
tip.
- beautify
-
(bool) Discard unprintable characters when a session is being scripted;
abbreviated
be.
If the
nb
capability is present,
beautify
is initially set to
off;
otherwise,
beautify
is initially set to
on.
- baudrate
-
(num) The baud rate at which the connection was established;
abbreviated
ba.
If a baud rate was specified on the command line,
baudrate
is initially set to the specified value;
otherwise, if the
br
capability is present,
baudrate
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
baudrate
is set to 300 baud.
Once
tip
has been started,
baudrate
can only changed by the super-user.
- dialtimeout
-
(num) When dialing a phone number, the time (in seconds)
to wait for a connection to be established; abbreviated
dial.
dialtimeout
is initially set to 60 seconds, and can only changed by the super-user.
- disconnect
-
(str) The string to send to the remote host to disconnect from it;
abbreviated
di.
If the
di
capability is present,
disconnect
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
disconnect
is set to a null string ("").
- echocheck
-
(bool) Synchronize with the remote host during file transfer by
waiting for the echo of the last character transmitted; abbreviated
ec.
If the
ec
capability is present,
echocheck
is initially set to
on;
otherwise,
echocheck
is initially set to
off.
- eofread
-
(str) The set of characters which signify an end-of-transmission
during a
~<
file transfer command; abbreviated
eofr.
If the
ie
capability is present,
eofread
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
eofread
is set to a null string ("").
- eofwrite
-
(str) The string sent to indicate end-of-transmission during a
~>
file transfer command; abbreviated
eofw.
If the
oe
capability is present,
eofread
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
eofread
is set to a null string ("").
- eol
-
(str) The set of characters which indicate an end-of-line.
tip
will recognize escape characters only after an end-of-line.
If the
el
capability is present,
eol
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
eol
is set to a null string ("").
- escape
-
(char) The command prefix (escape) character; abbreviated
es.
If the
es
capability is present,
escape
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
escape
is set to
`~'.
- etimeout
-
(num) The amount of time, in seconds, that
tip
should wait for the echo-check response when
echocheck
is set; abbreviated
et.
If the
et
capability is present,
etimeout
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
etimeout
is set to 10 seconds.
- exceptions
-
(str) The set of characters which should not be discarded
due to the beautification switch; abbreviated
ex.
If the
ex
capability is present,
exceptions
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
exceptions
is set to
`\t\n\f\b'.
- force
-
(char) The character used to force literal data transmission;
abbreviated
fo.
If the
fo
capability is present,
force
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
force
is set to
\377
(which disables it).
- framesize
-
(num) The amount of data (in bytes) to buffer between file system
writes when receiving files; abbreviated
fr.
If the
fs
capability is present,
framesize
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
framesize
is set to 1024.
- halfduplex
-
(bool) Do local echoing because the host is half-duplex; abbreviated
hdx.
If the
hd
capability is present,
halfduplex
is initially set to
on;
otherwise,
halfduplex
is initially set to
off.
- hardwareflow
-
(bool)
Do hardware flow control;
abbreviated
hf.
If the
hf
capability is present,
hardwareflow
is initially set to
on;
otherwise,
hardwareflowcontrol
is initially set to
off.
- host
-
(str) The name of the host to which you are connected; abbreviated
ho.
host
is permanently set to the name given on the command line or in the
HOST
environment variable.
- localecho
-
(bool) A synonym for
halfduplex;
abbreviated
le.
- log
-
(str) The name of the file to which to log information about outgoing phone
calls.
log
is initially set to
/var/adm/aculog,
and can only be inspected or
changed by the super-user.
- parity
-
(str) The parity to be generated and checked when talking to the
remote host; abbreviated
par.
The possible values are:
-
-
- none
-
- zero
-
Parity is not checked on input, and the parity bit is set to zero on
output.
- one
-
Parity is not checked on input, and the parity bit is set to one on
output.
- even
-
Even parity is checked for on input and generated on output.
- odd
-
Odd parity is checked for on input and generated on output.
If the
pa
capability is present,
parity
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
parity
is set to
none.
- phones
-
The file in which to find hidden phone numbers.
If the environment variable
PHONES
is set,
phones
is set to the value of
PHONES;
otherwise,
phones
is set to
/etc/phones.
The value of
phones
cannot be changed from within
tip.
- prompt
-
(char) The character which indicates an end-of-line on the remote
host; abbreviated
pr.
This value is used to synchronize during data transfers. The count of
lines transferred during a file transfer command is based on receipt of
this character. If the
pr
capability is present,
prompt
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
prompt
is set to
\n.
- raise
-
(bool) Upper case mapping mode; abbreviated
ra.
When this mode is enabled, all lower case letters will be mapped to
upper case by
tip
for transmission to the remote machine.
If the
ra
capability is present,
raise
is initially set to
on;
otherwise,
raise
is initially set to
off.
- raisechar
-
(char) The input character used to toggle upper case mapping mode;
abbreviated
rc.
If the
rc
capability is present,
raisechar
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
raisechar
is set to
\377
(which disables it).
- rawftp
-
(bool) Send all characters during file transfers; do not filter non-printable
characters, and do not do translations like
\n
to
\r.
Abbreviated
raw.
If the
rw
capability is present,
rawftp
is initially set to
on;
otherwise,
rawftp
is initially set to
off.
- record
-
(str) The name of the file in which a session script is recorded;
abbreviated
rec.
If the
re
capability is present,
record
is initially set to the value of that capability; otherwise,
record
is set to
tip.record.
- remote
-
The file in which to find descriptions of remote systems.
If the environment variable
REMOTE
is set,
remote
is set to the value of
REMOTE;
otherwise,
remote
is set to
/etc/remote.
The value of
remote
cannot be changed from within
tip.
- script
-
(bool) Session scripting mode; abbreviated
sc.
When
script
is
on,
tip
will record everything transmitted by the remote machine in
the script record file specified in
record.
If the
beautify
switch is on, only printable
ASCII
characters will be included in
the script file (those characters between 040 and 0177). The
variable
exceptions
is used to indicate characters which are an exception to the normal
beautification rules.
If the
sc
capability is present,
script
is initially set to
on;
otherwise,
script
is initially set to
off.
- tabexpand
-
(bool) Expand
TAB
characters to
SPACE
characters during file transfers; abbreviated
tab.
When
tabexpand
is
on,
each tab is expanded to 8
SPACE
characters.
If the
tb
capability is present,
tabexpand
is initially set to
on;
otherwise,
tabexpand
is initially set to
off.
- tandem
-
(bool) Use
XON/XOFF
flow control to limit the rate that data is sent
by the remote host; abbreviated
ta.
If the
nt
capability is present,
tandem
is initially set to
off;
otherwise,
tandem
is initially set to
on.
- verbose
-
(bool) Verbose mode; abbreviated
verb;
When verbose mode is enabled,
tip
prints messages while dialing, shows the current number
of lines transferred during a file transfer operations,
and more.
If the
nv
capability is present,
verbose
is initially set to
off;
otherwise,
verbose
is initially set to
on.
- SHELL
-
(str) The name of the shell to use for the
~!
command; default value is
/bin/sh,
or taken from the environment.
- HOME
-
(str) The home directory to use for the
~c
command; default
value is taken from the environment.
EXAMPLES
An example of the dialogue used to transfer files is given below.
-
arpa% tip monet
[connected]
...(assume we are talking to a UNIX system)...
ucbmonet login: sam
Password:
monet% cat > sylvester.c
~> Filename: sylvester.c
32 lines transferred in 1 minute 3 seconds
monet%
monet% ~< Filename: reply.c
List command for remote host: cat reply.c
65 lines transferred in 2 minutes
monet%
...(or, equivalently)...
monet% ~p sylvester.c
...(actually echoes as ~[put] sylvester.c)...
32 lines transferred in 1 minute 3 seconds
monet%
monet% ~t reply.c
...(actually echoes as ~[take] reply.c)...
65 lines transferred in 2 minutes
monet%
...(to print a file locally)...
monet% ~|Local command: pr -h sylvester.c | lpr
List command for remote host: cat sylvester.c
monet% ~^D
[EOT]
...(back on the local system)...
ENVIRONMENT
The following environment variables are read by
tip.
- REMOTE
-
The location of the
remote
file.
- PHONES
-
The location of the file containing private phone numbers.
- HOST
-
A default host to connect to.
- HOME
-
One's log-in directory (for chdirs).
- SHELL
-
The shell to fork on a
`~!'
escape.
FILES
- ~/.tiprc
-
initialization file
- /var/spool/locks/LCK ..*
-
lock file to avoid conflicts with
UUCP
- /var/adm/aculog
-
file in which outgoing calls are logged
- /etc/phones
-
- /etc/remote
-
SEE ALSO
cu.1c
mail.1
uucp.1c
vi.1
ioctl.2
phones.5
remote.5
BUGS
There are two additional variables
chardelay
and
linedelay
that are currently not implemented.
Created by unroff & hp-tools.
© somebody (See intro for details). All Rights Reserved.
Last modified 11/5/97